Biblio
- title: ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããã¯ããã
- authors: å®å® å人
- date: 2010-11-24
- publisher: è±æ²»åºç
- url: http://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B00MTL340G/
- descs.
- ãªãŒãã£ãªããã¯ãšæžç±ã®äž¡æ¹ã§è³Œå ¥.
- æžç±ã¯ã¡ã«ã«ãªã§å£²ã£ã.
<2022-06-07 ç« 16:07>
Kindleã«ãŠååºŠè³Œå ¥(ïŒã€ç®w).
ð¥å®å® çšèª
ãã®æžç±ã¯è¯æžã§ãããããèªããŠããã²ãšãå€ããã, æžç±å ã®èšèãæžç±ãé£ã³åºãŠäœ¿ãããŠããããšããã. ããšãã°, ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããªãã³, 仮説ããªãã³, ç¬ã®éãªã©ãªã©. ãããã¯ç¬èªã®çšèªã ã, ç¬ã®éã®æ¯å©ãªã©, ä»ãœãŒã¹ã§ãèŠãããããã.
ãã¶ãç¬ã®éããšãŠãæå.
ã€ã·ã¥ãŒ(issue)
issue ãšã¯, 以äžã®äž¡æ¹ãåãããã®ãèšã.
- a matter that is in dispute between two or more parties
- 2 ã€ä»¥äžã®éå£ã®éã§æ±ºçã®ã€ããŠããªãåé¡
- a vital or unsettled matter
- æ ¹æ¬ã«é¢ãã, ãããã¯çœé»ãã¯ã£ããããŠããªãåé¡
äžèšã§ãããšã±ãªã€ããã¹ãçœé»ã®åé¡.
ã€ã·ã¥ãŒåºŠ(issue level)
How critical you answer the question in your content.
èªåã®çœ®ãããå±é¢ã§ãã®åé¡ã«çããåºãå¿ èŠæ§ã®é«ã.
仮説ãæ£ããã£ããšãã®ã€ã³ãã¯ã. 課é¡ã®è³ª.
解ã®è³ª(answer quality)
How clearly you answered the question.
ãã®ã€ã·ã¥ãŒã«å¯ŸããŠã©ããŸã§æ確ã«çããåºããŠãããã®åºŠåã.
仮説ãæ£ãããã©ããã®ç¢ºåºŠ.
䟡å€(value)
解ã®è³ªãšã€ã·ã¥ãŒåºŠã®æãç®.
= ã€ã³ãã¯ã x 確床.
No-value ãŸãŒã³
No-value zone. ã€ã·ã¥ãŒåºŠã®äœãä»äºã¯ãããããªãã®äŸ¡å€ããªã.
ðç¬ã®é
äžå¿äžä¹±ã«æãã€ãããšãã¬ã ã·ã£ã©ã«ãã.
ã€ã·ã¥ãŒåºŠã®äœãããšãæ ¹æ§ãšåªåã«ãã£ãŠéãããªããŠäŸ¡å€ãç©ã¿éãã. ããã100åã®å©çããããç©ã¿éããŠã1åã«ã¯å±ããªã.
è±ã»ç¬ã®é=æ ¹æ§ã«éããªãããš. åŸåŽæãæ®ãã ã.
ãããŠç¬ã®éãé²ã¿ç¶ãããšé§ç®ãªäººã«ãªã(ã¯ãœééã®ä»äºè¡).
ðã€ã·ã¥ãŒããªãã³
issue-driven. 課é¡ã®è³ªãé«ãã. ããããðè«ç¹æèã®ããš.
èªåãä»åãçµãããšããŠãã課é¡ãæ¬åœã«è§£ãã¹ã課é¡ãªã®ããå床確èªããŠ, æçµçãªã¢ãŠããããã®ã€ã³ãã¯ãã匷ãã.
ref. ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããã¯ããã-ç¥ççç£ã®ãã·ã³ãã«ãªæ¬è³ªã - THINK CIRCUIT
çŽ æ©ãäœåºŠã§ãå転ãããããšãèèŠ.
æžç±ã®ïŒã€ã®å·¥çšã®äžã®ã²ãšã€ã®ã ã, 4ã€ããŸãšããæœè±¡æŠå¿µãšããŠã€ãã£ãŠããããã(æžç±ã§ã¯èšèã¯å®çŸ©ããŠãªãããª).
仮説ããªãã³
解ã®è³ªãé«ãã. ããããð仮説æèã®ããš.
ðã€ã·ã¥ãŒåæãããããšã§, ã€ã·ã¥ãŒãå解ãã. ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããµãã€ã·ã¥ãŒã«ç ããŠ, å éšæ§é ãæ確ã«ãã.
ðã¹ããŒãªãŒã©ã€ã³ã€ãããããããšã§ã€ã·ã¥ãŒã®åªå é äœãã€ãã.
çµµã³ã³ãã€ãããããããšã§åæåã«, ã»ããåæãæ€èšŒã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžãæ確ã«ãã.
ðšçµµã³ã³ã
æžç±ã®ç¬èªçšèª, åæã€ã¡ãŒãž.
ããã€ã·ã¥ãŒã®3ã€ã®æ¡ä»¶
- æ¬è³ªçãªéžæè¢ã§ãã: ã€ã·ã¥ãŒã®çããåºãããšã«ãã£ãŠäºæ ãå ã«é²ããããªã€ã·ã¥ãŒ
- æ·±ã仮説ããã: a.åžžèãåŠå®ãããæãã¯ãb.æ°ããæ§é ã§ç©äºã説æããŠãã
- çããåºã
ã€ã·ã¥ãŒä»®èª¬æ§æ
- ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã¯ââãšèããŠãããšæããã©/æ°ã¥ããŠããªããšæããã©ãå®ã¯â²â²
- â²â²ã§ãããšããããšã¯ãã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã®â â (éèŠäºé )ã倧ããæªåãã/æ¹åããå¯èœæ§ãç§ããŠãããšããããš
- åŸã£ãŠãâ²â²ãšããããšãèžãŸããŠãââãæ€èšã»å®è¡ãã¹ã
Literature Notes
ð¡åŽå(labor)ã®èªæºã¯å¥Žé·(slave)
labor=åŽåã®èªæºã¯slave.
åãããããšãåªåãããããšãã¯ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããªãã³ã®äžçã§ã¯é¢ä¿ãªã. ããªã¥ãŒãåºããããéèŠ.
éçãŸã§åãã åŽåæéã§åè² ãããšããã®ã¯ã¬ã€ãã©ãŒã®ææ³.
ðŠå§åçã«çç£æ§ã®é«ã人ã®ç¹åŸŽã¯ä»®èª¬æèãããŠãã
仮説æèãšã¯ããªãã¡
- ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããªãã³
- ãŸãã¯ããã«ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããã, ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããå§ãã.
- çããåºãã¹ãã€ã·ã¥ãŒãèŠæ¥µãã.
- 仮説ããªãã³
- ã€ã·ã¥ãŒãå°ããç ããã¹ããŒãªãŒã®æµããæŽçãã.
- ã¹ããŒãªãŒãæ€èšŒããããã«å¿ èŠãªã¢ãŠããããã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžãæã, åæãã.
- ã¢ãŠããããããªãã³
- éªšæ ŒãèžãŸãã€ã€æ®µåãè¯ãæ€èšŒãã.
- ã¡ãã»ãŒãžããªãã³
- è«æ ãšæ§é ã磚ãã€ã€ãå ±åæžãè«æããŸãšãã
ðŠæ©ããšã¯çãããªãããšãèããããšã§èãããšã¯çããåºããšããåæã®å ã«å»ºèšçã«èããçµã¿ç«ãŠãããš
æ©ããšã¯, çããã§ãªããšããåæãå ã«èããããªãããããš. èãããšã¯, çããåºããšããåæã®å ã«, 建èšçã«èããçµã¿ç«ãŠãããš.
人çã®äŸ¡å€èŠ³ã®ãããª, çããåºãåºãªããããåããåãç¶ããããšã«äŸ¡å€ããããããã®æ©ã¿ããã. ããã倧æµã®æ©ã¿ã«ã¯äŸ¡å€ã¯ãªã.
ç¹ã«ä»äºãšã¯äŸ¡å€ãçã¿åºããã®ã§ãã, å€åãç£ãŸãªãæ©ã¿ã¯ã ãã§ãã.
ã€ã·ã¥ãŒã¯ãªã«ã¯ãšãããèšèã«ãã
ã€ã·ã¥ãŒã®èšèªå. 人éã¯èšèã«ããªããããæŠå¿µããŸãšããããšãã§ããªã.
èšèã«ããããšã培åºããã.
èšèã«èœãšãããšã«ç çãªãŸã§ã«ãã ããã.
åžžèãæšãŠã
- åé¡ã解ããã, åé¡ãèŠæ¥µãã
- 解ã®è³ªãäžãããã, ã€ã·ã¥ãŒã®è³ªãäžãã
- ç¥ãã°ç¥ãã»ã©ç¥æµã湧ããã, ç¥ãããããšãã«ã«ãªã
- ïŒã€ã²ãšã€ã®ããšãéããããã, ããããšãåã.
- æ°åã®æ¡æ°ã«ãã ãããã, çããåºãããã«ãã ãã.
productivity = output/input
Issue-driven: Kazuto Ataka at TEDxUTokyo - YouTube
TEDåç»ããã. æžç±ã®åã«ãããèªãã§ããã.
- productivity = çç£æ§ãšã¯
- output / input
- generated value / invested time and effort
- ææ/æäžããæéãšåŽå
çç£æ§ãšã¯ã©ãã ãã€ã³ãããããŠã¢ãŠããããããã.
䟡å€ãšã¯, 解ã®è³ª(answer quality) x ã€ã·ã¥ãŒåºŠ(issue-level)
çšèªã«ã€ããŠé »ç¹ã«, è±èªã§ã¯xxxãšè¡šçŸãããšèšã£ãŠããããã®èãã¯è±èªåããã®èŒžå ¥ãªã®ãïŒã ãšãããåèãèªã¿ããw
ðŠã€ã·ã¥ãŒåºŠã®äœãä»äºã®äŸ¡å€ã¯ãªã - å®å® å人
確å®ã«ãããéæã§ãããšããŠããããéæãããšããã§ãªã¿ãŒã³ãå°ãããšæå³ããªã.
å®ããã ã£ãŠ300åãåœããå¯èœæ§ã¯1åãåœããå¯èœæ§ããããã£ãšé«ãã300åãããã£ããšããã§âŠ ãšããã«ã³ãžã .
ãããäžã®äžã®å€ãã®äººã¯è§£ã®è³ªã®ã»ããã€ã·ã¥ãŒåºŠããããéèŠèŠãã. ãããªãé£ããåé¡ã解ãããšããã§ããã«ãã䟡å€ããªããã°ãèŠåŽããã§ãã.
ðŠè§£ãåã«èŠæ¥µãã - å®å® å人
äžã®äžã«ãããåé¡ãããããªãããšèšãããŠããããšã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯, å®ã¯ããžãã¹ã»ç 究äžã§æ¬åœã«åãçµãå¿ èŠã®ããåé¡ã§ã¯ãªã.
äžã®äžã§ãåé¡ãããããªãããšèšãããŠããããšã®ç·æ°ã 100 ãšããã°, ä», ãã®å±é¢ã§æ¬åœã«çœé»ãã¯ã£ãããããã¹ãåé¡ã¯ãããã 2 ã€ã 3 ã€ããã
ãã€ã·ã¥ãŒåºŠãã®é«ãåé¡ãçµã蟌ã¿, æéãæµ®ãããããšãäžå¯æ¬
仮説èšå®ã»åé¡åæ = ã¹ããŒãªãŒã©ã€ã³Ãçµµã³ã³ã
ã€ã·ã¥ãŒã®æ§é ãæããã«ã, ãã®ãªãã«æœããµãã€ã·ã¥ãŒãæŽãåºããšãšãã«, ããã«æ²¿ã£ãåæã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžäœããè¡ãéçš.
- ðã¹ããŒãªãŒã©ã€ã³
- ããã°èšäºãæžããšãã®ã¢ãŠãã©ã€ã³ã®èŠåºãããªãŒ.
- çµµã³ã³ã
- ã°ã©ã. åæè¡šçŸ. ããŒã¿åæçµæ.
- æ¯èŒ, æ§æ, å€åã®ïŒã€ã®å.
倧ãŸããªã¢ãŠãã©ã€ã³ãã€ããã°, ãããæ€èšŒããããã®å·¥æ°ãèŠç©ããã.
ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ãåãããšãéèŠ
ããããªæãã®ããšã決ããªããšããçšåºŠã®ããŒãæŽçã§ã¯ã ã, å šãäžè¶³. æ€èšãå§ããŠããã€ã·ã¥ãŒã¯ã¯ãªãã ãããšèããŠããããã§ã¯é ã.
匷åŒã«, ååãã§, å ·äœçãªä»®èª¬ãç«ãŠã, ãããèèŠ.
- see also.
ã¹ããŒãªãŒã©ã€ã³ã¥ããã¯èæ¬ã¥ãã
ã¹ããŒãªãŒã©ã€ã³ã¥ããã¯æ ç»ãã¢ãã¡ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®èæ¬ã¥ãã.
Insights
ææ³
仮説æèã®éæ¿æ¬, ãã¹ãã»ã©ãŒ. ããããªæžç±ã¯ããããã®èè ãããããã®å±ããã³ãã¥ããã£ã®çšèªã§ã®ä»®èª¬æèã®åå.
ãã¡ãããã®æ¬ãç¬ç¹ã®çšèªã¯ååšãã. ããããŸãèªãã§ããã°ããºã¬ã¯ãªã.
ç§åŠçææ³ããã®ç解
å®å® ããã®å ãã¿ã¯ç§åŠçææ³ãšããæŽå²ãããã®ã®å»¶é·ã«ãã. ãšããããšã§, ç§åŠçææ³ã§ããã¢ããã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«ã€ããŠã®ç¥èã¯ç解ãæ·±ãã.
ð¹ç§åŠã«ããã仮説ãšã¯ãªã«ã - ã¬ãªã¬ãªch
ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããªãã³ãšä»®èª¬ããªãã³ã®éãã¯ïŒ
ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããã¯ãããTopics
ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããã¯ãããã£ãŠåœããåãããªã?
仮説ã«ã€ã㊠- ããªãŒã¢ãžã§ã³ã.
ref. #56 仮説ã«ã€ã㊠- YouTube
ãã£ããåœããåã®ããš, åºç€ã¿ãã.
ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããå§ããã®åœããåãããªãïŒ
ãã®æžç±ã§æžãããŠããããšã¯, ç§åŠè ãã³ã³ãµã«ã¿ã³ãã«ã€ããŠã¯åœããåã®ããšãªã®ãããããªãã, ãããããã®æ¥çã§éããŠããç§åŠçææ³ãã³ã³ãµã«ãšç§åŠã®äž¡æ¹ã®éãé²ãã å®å® ããã ããããäžè¬åãã«ç¥èãå ±æãããšããã«ãã®æ¬ã®äººæ°ã®çç±ãããã®ãã.
ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããªãã³ã¶ã£ã¡ããã¿ããªã§ããªã
èæèŠã§, ãããã³ãŒãŒç€Ÿå¡ããIssue Analysisã¡ãããšãã£ãŠããã²ãšã¯1/3ãããã§ååãããã®ã²ãšã¯äžæãã§ããªãããã©ã, å®éã«ããã§ãã客ããããæè¬ãããŠãéãããã£ãŠããâŠ
確ãã«å®å® ããã®ãããããªã¬ãã«ã§ããã°ãã®ãããç Žå£åããã. ãŸãç¬ã®éãåé¿ããçšåºŠã§ååãã. çã®æªããšããã«ãããã®ããããªã.
Active Recalls
æ©ãããšãšèããããšã®éãã¯äœã§ããïŒ
æ©ããšã¯, çããã§ãªããšããåæãå ã«èããããªãããããš.
èãããšã¯, çããåºããšããåæã®å ã«, ããžã«ã«ã«ä»®èª¬ãçµã¿ç«ãŠãããš.
ã€ã·ã¥ãŒãšã¯ãªãã§ããïŒ
çœé»ã®çããåºãã¹ãåé¡.
ããªã¥ãŒã®ããä»äºãšã¯ãªãã§ããïŒ
ã€ã·ã¥ãŒåºŠãšè§£ã®è³ªã®äž¡æ¹ãé«ãä»äº.
èšãæãããš, ãããéæãããšãã®ã€ã³ãã¯ãã倧ãããã€éæã§ããå¯èœæ§ãé«ãä»äº.
解ã®è³ªãäžããããã€ã·ã¥ãŒã®è³ªãäžãããšã¯ã©ãããããšã§ããïŒ
éæã§ããå¯èœæ§ãé£ããåé¡ãåªåããŠéæå¯èœæ§ããããããããããéæã§ãããšãã®ãªã¿ãŒã³ã倧ãã課é¡ãéžã¶ãšããããš.
ðŠOpinions
ðŠåªåãšçµæã®éã«äœã®çžé¢ããªãããšã«å€§æ··ä¹±ãèç«ã¡ãèŠãã - å®å® å人
èæ¯ã«ã¯äžæ¯ãªæéãéããããšã¡å¯Ÿãã巚倧ãªèç«ã¡ããã.
åœæèšæ»äœéšãããããåããŠãããã§ããæ8æããå€äžã®2æããããŸã§ãæ¯æ¥ã1幎ã«360æ¥ãããã¯ãããã¯æ£ãã人çã®äœ¿ãæ¹ã§ã¯ãªããšãäžæ¯ã ã£ãããã ããããã£ãŠåããä»äºã®çµæãšããŠã¯æªããªãã£ããšãããã倧ããªä»äºã§ææã床ã åºãããšãã§ããŠããŸããããããªã®ã«ãç¡é§åŽåãšçµæãå šãçžé¢ããŠããªããã§ãã
å ¥ç€ŸããŠéããªãé ãåªåãšçµæãšã®éã«ããŸãã«äœã®çžé¢ããªããšããããšãåã倧混乱ãããŸãããåã蟌ãããã®ãçµæãç£ãŸãªãæãã€ãã¿ãããªä»äºããããææãåºããçµæãåºãŠããããã°èª°ãããæå¥ã¯èšãããªãã
ãã®çµéšãã©ããã«æžãæ®ããŠçœ®ããã°ãšããæãã§ãã®æ¬ãã§ãã.
ðŠãã©ãã©ã«ãªããŸã§ä»äºããŠãèªå·±æºè¶³ãæ ¹æ§è«ã§ãææãã§ãªããã°æé·ããªã- å®å® å人
æ ¹æ§è«ãæèœã朰ãããã©ãã©ã«ãªããŸã§ä»äºãããŠãèªå·±æºè¶³ã«ãããªããæé·ã¯æå³ããã¢ãŠããããããã£ã¡ããšåºãããšããããåŸãããªãããã ãããªã¥ãŒã®ããä»äºããç¶ãããã®è³ªãä¿ãŠãã®ã§ããã°ãä»äºã«æãæãããšãå šãåé¡ã§ã¯ãªãã
人ã«èãã°æžãããšã¯ããããã°è¯ãããä»ãããç°¡åãªæ¹æ³ã§ã§ããã®ã§ããã°ããããã¹ãã ã
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ref. ãã¥ãŒããµã€ãšã³ã¹ãšããŒã±ãã£ã³ã°ã®é
ãšãã«, ãã®èšäºãããºã£ãããšã«ãã£ãŠã€ã·ã¥ãŒããã¯ããããçãŸãã.
çç£æ§ãšã¯ããã§ã¯ç 究宀ã®è«æã®æ°ãšè³ª.
ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ç 究ããããã«ãªã£ãŠæãé©ããããšã®äžã€ã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯èããããªãã»ã©çç£æ§ã®é«ãç 究è ãååšããããšã ã
2017幎ã«æ·±å è«æãããŒããŒããããã¹ã¬ãã¥ãŒã«èŒã£ããšã.
ref. DIAMONDããŒããŒãããžãã¹ïœ¥ã¬ãã¥ãŒ 2017幎5æå· ïŒ»éèªïŒœ