tags. ðæèæ³
ðªšè«ççæèãšã¯
ç©äºãäœç³»çã«æŽçããŠé åºç«ãŠãŠèãã, ããžã«ã«ã·ã³ãã³ã°. è±èªã§ã¯Problem Solving.
ðããžãã¯
ð§ããžãã¯ããªãŒ
åé¡ãããªãŒæ§é ã«å解ããããžã«ã«ã«åå ãåé¡è§£æ±ºçãæ¢ãåé¡è§£æ±ºããŒã«.
åé¡ã®åæ(why)ãšè§£æ±ºç(how)ã系統çã«åæ.
- why-why tree - çµæ-åå ,
- how-how tree - ç®ç-æ段
- what-what tree
- KPIããªãŒ
ãšãã£ãæšè«ãç¹°ãè¿ããŠè«çå±éãè¡ãå Žå, ãã®æŠå¿µã»äºè±¡éã®è«ççãªã€ãªãããããªãŒç¶ã«å³ç€ºããããš.
åé¡è§£æ±ºãªã©ã«äœ¿ãå Žåã«ã¯, äžäœæŠå¿µããäžäœæŠå¿µãžã®åå²ã 2~3 çšåºŠ, å€ããŠã 5 ã€ããããŸã§ã«ããã®ããããšããã.
ref. æ å ±ãããžã¡ã³ãçšèªèŸå ž:ããžãã¯ããªãŒ
- MECEã§ããããšãåªåç®æšãšããŠéèŠèŠãããŠãããã®ã®å®éã«ã¯å®ãããŠããã, åé¡ãå°ããå解ã§ããã°ç®æšéæã§ãã(éå±€ãç Žç¶»ãããŠãæ·±ããŸã§éããŠãã).
- è€æ°ã®æ¯èŒãããå Žåã®è©äŸ¡è»žãæ確åãã.
ããžãã¯ããªãŒã䜿ãç®çã®ãã¢
- åé¡ãå ·äœçã«ããããšã§å°ããããããš.
- æ§é ãææ¡ããããš.
- 解å床ãäžããããš.
ããžãã¯ããªãŒã®æŽå²
ã«ãŒã«ã»ãã¥ã³ã¬ãŒ(Karl Duncker)ãæå±.
ãããã³ãŒãŒã®äžã§ç¿ç.
æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯å€§åç äžããã玹ä»(1975).
ããžãã¯ããªãŒã®äž»ãªåé¡
ð²WhyããªãŒ
åå è¿œæ±ããªãŒ, why-why-tree, ãã¯ã€ããªãŒ, ãªããªãåæ ãå矩.
ãªãxxãªã®ãïŒ ãšããåãåºçºç¹ãšããŠæãäžããŠãã.
åå 究æã«ã€ãã.
ð²HowããªãŒ
åé¡è§£æ±ºããªãŒ, HowããªãŒ, how-how treeãšã.
xxããã«ã¯ã©ãããã°ããã?
ãšããåãåºçºç¹ãšããŠæãäžããŠãã.
ã§ããã ãä»ããã«åãçµããè¡åããªã¹ãã¢ãããã. å³ç«¯ãè¡åã«ãªããŸã§æãäžãã.
å³ã«æãäžããã»ã©, NextActionãæ確åãã. ã¢ãŠãããããšããŠTODOãæè.
ð²WhatããªãŒ
what-what tree, èŠçŽ å解ããªãŒãšããã.
ç©äºã®èŠçŽ ãã©ãã©ãå解ããŠãã£ãŠèŠçŽ ãç¶²çŸ çã«ææ¡ããããã®ããžãã¯ããªãŒ.
åé¡çºçåæã®ç¹å®ã«äœ¿ã.
ð²KPI ããªãŒ
HOWããªãŒã®æŽŸç.
KGIïŒKey Goal Indicator/çµå¶ç®æšéæææšïŒãèšå®, ãããéæããããã®äžéç®æšã§ããKPIïŒKey Performance Indicat/éèŠæ¥çžŸè©äŸ¡ææšïŒãèšå®.
ãã®KPIãéæããããã®ãã现ããKPIãèšå®ã, æ¥ã ã®ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«çŽä»ããŠãã.
KPIããªãŒã®ç¹åŸŽã¯åèŠçŽ ã« æ°å€ ãé¢ä¿ããŠããããš.
ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããªãŒã¯ããžãã£ããªçæ³/ãã¯ã€ããªãŒã¯ãã¬ãã£ããªåå ãåæ
ã€ã·ã¥ããªãŒã¯è¯å®çãªè¡šçŸããšã(å©çãå¢ãã, ~ãåäžããã)ã®ãããªwhatã«å¯Ÿããhowã§ãã.
ref. ð¡åé¡è§£æ±ºãåŠã¶ããšã¯æå¿ã®åãåŠã¶ããš
äžæ¹, ãã¯ã€ããªãŒã¯åŠå®çãªè¡šçŸãšãªããã¬ãã£ããªããšã®åå åæã«çšãããã.
ããžãã¯ããªãŒãšä»ã®ããŒã«æ¯èŒ
ããžãã¯ããªãŒãšãã€ã³ããããã®éã
ðããžãã¯ããªãŒãšðãã€ã³ããããã®éã.
ããžãã¯ããªãŒã§ããèŠãããééãã¯ãåãªãæãä»ããã§ããžãã¯ããªãŒãåµã£ãŠããŸãããã®çµæãã€ã³ãããããšå€ãããªãçµæã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãããšã ã
ãã€ã³ããããã¯çºæ³ãåºããŠããéã«ã¯æçšã ããããžãã¯ããªãŒã¯èŠçŽ éã®é¢ä¿ãMECEã«ããæŒãããããªãé²ããªããäœç³»çã«å šäœãæãããšããç®çãããã
ð¡ããžãã¯ããªãŒ ãšãã©ãããã¹ãã©ã¯ãã£
ã©ã¡ããããªãŒç¶ã§è¡šçŸããŒã«.
ããžãã¯ããªãŒã¯å·Šããå³ãžã®ããªãŒãšããŠè¡šçŸãããŠæ€èšã»æèããæã«å©çšãããããšãå€ã.
ãã©ãããã¹ãã©ã¯ãã£ã¯äžããäžã®ããªãŒãšããŠè¡šçŸãããŠèª¬åŸã»äŒãããšãã«å©çšãããããšãå€ã.
ref. ðãã©ãããã¹ãã©ã¯ãã£
仮説æèãšã®é¢ä¿
è«ç¹ã®åãå£ãã¿ã€ããæ¹æ³ãšããŠ, æšè«ææ³ã§ããð仮説æèãçšãã.
ð€ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããªãŒãšããžãã¯ããªãŒã¯éã?
ðããžãã¯ããªãŒ, ãšãã«HowããªãŒã®å¥åãšããŠã€ã·ã¥ãŒããªãŒã玹ä»ãããŠããããšããããã®æ€çŽ¢ã§ãã£ããå€ã. ããã¯ãããªãããªãŒæ§é ãåãã ãã§ãã£ããéãæŠå¿µã§ã¯ãªããïŒ
HowããªãŒã¯è«ç¹ã«å¯Ÿãã解決ç仮説ãããŠãããã«ã€ãã. ããªãŒã®ããŒãã¯çå圢ã«ãªã, å°åºãããçµæã課é¡ãšãªã.
ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããªãŒã¯è«ç¹ã«åªå é äœãã€ããããã«äœ¿ããã. æžç±è«ç¹æèã«ãããš, è«é£ãç¶æ ã®ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããªãŒã仮説æ€èšŒã§åããŠãããšãã£ãã, ã€ã·ã¥ãŒããªãŒãMECEãçŸå Žã§ã¯äœ¿ãããŠãªããšãã.
ãããããšã€ã·ã¥ãŒããªãŒãšã¯, åãªãè«ç¹ãã³ããŒçšçŽã®è£ã«ã¢ãŠãã©ã€ã³ã®ç®æ¡æžããããçšåºŠã§ãããªãã®ãããããªã. ãããŠ, BCGæµ: 空ããã¯ã¹ã©ã€ãã§ðã¹ããŒãªãŒã©ã€ã³ãæ§ç¯ããã®ãçŸå®çãªã®ãã. ãããã¯ãã€ã³ããããããŒã«ã§å解ãããŠããããªãŒãæ³åããŠãã.
ðªãªããªãåæ
ããšã¿ãåºããã«ã€ãŒã³ææ³. 5ways, èã¥ãåŒã¢ãããŒããšã.
ããåé¡ãšãã®åé¡ã«å¯Ÿãã察çã«é¢ããŠãã®åé¡ãåŒãèµ·ãããèŠå (ããªãã) ãæ瀺ã, ããã«ãã®èŠå ãåŒãèµ·ãããèŠå (ããªãã) ãæ瀺ããããšãç¹°ãè¿ãããšã«ãããã®åé¡ãžã®å¯Ÿçã®å¹æãæ€èšŒããæ段.
ref. ãªããªãåæ - Wikipedia
è«çãã§ãã¯.
- ãªã (why so?)
- ã ãã (so what)
- ãããããã°
ããããçœé»ã¯ã£ããããåé¡ãªã®ãïŒ
ãªããªãåæã¯éèŠãªåé¡è§£æ±ºæ³ã® 1 ã€ã§ããã, ãã®å¯Ÿè±¡ã¯ããªããã®åããããæå³ãæã€åé¡ã«éããã.
ããªããªãåæãã¯ãåå ã®ããåé¡ãã®ãã¡ç¹å®åãããå°ã£ãåé¡ã®åå åæãžã®é©çšã«ãããŠã®ã¿å¹æããã.
ref. ã©ããããºã€|ãªããªãåæ
ð解å床
ããžãã¹æ¥çã§è§£å床ãšããèšèãå©çšãããããã®æå³ãããšãããŸãšã.
ããã¯ðã€ã·ã¥ãŒã¢ããªã·ã¹ã®ããš. 解å床ãäœããšã¯ããäºè±¡ã«å¯ŸããŠèããäºå®èªèãçã.
ãã®è³æããã: ð»è§£å床ãé«ãã. ðšéŠ¬ç°éæããã®æžç±çºå£²ã§è¥å¹²ãã®èšèã話é¡ã«ãªã£ãŠãæ°ããã(2023).
ãããã®èŠ³æž¬ã§ã¯ãããšããšåãªãclearã銬ç°ããã解å床ãšèš³ããããã«æžç±åºç. ãããðšæ·±äºéŸä¹ä»ãããã³ãã³ã©ãžãªã§ã€ãã£ãŠãé ããããããªçšèªãšããŠæ®å.
ããããããã«ãã ããçç±ã¯ã解å床ãšããçšèªã調ã¹ããšãã«éŠ¬ç°ããã®ãã¯ã以å€ã«æ å ±ãã»ãšãã©ãªãã£ããšãã«ãã£ã€ã調ã¹ããã.
解å床ã®3ã€ã®æ¹å
解å床ã¯ïŒã€ã«åé¡ã§ãã.
- æ·±ã
- åå ãèŠå ãæ·±ããŸã§æãäžããŠææ¡ããŠããã.
- ããžãã¯ããªãŒã®éå±€ãæ·±ã.
- åºã
- ã©ãã ãåºãåå ãèŠå ãææ¡ããŠããã.
- ç°ãªãã¢ãããŒããèŠç¹ã - ããžãã¯ããªãŒã®æšªå¹ ãåºã.
- æ§é
- åå ãèŠå ã®æ§é , é¢ä¿æ§, çžå¯ŸçãªéèŠæ§ãææ¡.
- åãæ¹ã«æŽå¯ããã.
解å床ã®é«ãæ¹
- æ·±ãã®è§£å床ã®é«ãæ¹
- åºæ¬çã«ã¯æ·±ã ã足ããªã.
- çŸå Žã«ãã & ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒãçµå±äžçªãã.
- æèŠãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãäºå®ãææ¡ããŠæŽå¯ããã.
- Why Soãç¹°ãè¿ã.
- èšèãæŠå¿µãç¥ããšçŸå®ãäžæãåé¡ã§ãã. æ¬ãèªã.
- åºãã®è§£å床ã®é«ãæ¹.
- æ ¹æ°. ããæ¹æ³ã¯ãªã.
- æ§é ã®è§£å床ã®é«ãæ¹.
- MECE
- å æé¢ä¿
- å å«é¢ä¿
- æç³»å
- é¢ä¿æ§(æŠå¿µ/ã¹ããŒã¯ãã«ããŒ)
- å³ã«ãã
- ã§ãçµå±æ±ºå®çãªæ¹æ³ã¯ãªãã®ã§è©Šè¡é¯èª€ãšæ ¹æ°.
Topics
âåé¡è§£æ±ºæèãšããžã«ã«ã·ã³ãã³ã°
åé¡è§£æ±ºæèã¯äžè¬çã«ã¯ããžã«ã«ã·ã³ãã³ã°ãšèšãããã, äžè¬çãªçšèªã ãšæšè«ãããšããåäœãããžã«ã«ã·ã³ãã³ã°ã§ããããã«ãçšèªãšæ··åãããŠäœ¿ããã.
å®éã¯ãã£ãšäœç³»çãªæ¹æ³è«ã®ãã, åé¡è§£æ±ºæèãšããèšèã䜿ã£ãã»ãããããã.
References
ref. ããžã«ã«ã·ã³ãã³ã° - Wikipedia