ãŸãŠããã¯ãžã©ããã«ã€ããŠ.
倧壿³šæãšã¯
åäžã®ãã¬ãŒããŒã«ãã倧ããªãµã€ãºã®æè¡æ³šæ. ããã«ããããŒã±ããã€ã³ãã¯ã. ãããŠãã®å Žåã¯, å·šé¡ã®è³éãåããæ©é¢æè³å®¶.
è±èªã§ã¯, Elephant(ãŸãŠ)ãšãWhaleã¯ãžã©ãšã.
ãã®ãããã¯ã«ã€ããŠã¯, 倧壿³šæããšããžã«ããŠåçãçããããã¯ãš, å®éã«å€§å£æ³šæãããŠå£²è²·ãããããã¯ã«åããã. å®éã«å€§å£æ³šæããããšããããšã¯, å人ã§ã¯ãªãæ©é¢æè³å®¶ã®è©±ãšãªã.
ðããŒã±ããã€ã³ãã¯ã
éèåžå Žã§äžåºŠã«å€§èŠæš¡ãªéèååã売åŽãããš, é絊ãã©ã³ã¹ã厩ãäŸ¡æ Œãå®å¢ä»¥äžã«äžèœãã. ãããããŒã±ããã€ã³ãã¯ã(market impact)ãšãã. æéåœããã®å£²è²·ãããŒãšå€å¹ ã®é¢ä¿.
- ãBTCåžå ŽåæãçŸç©ãšããªããã£ãã®ããŒã±ããã€ã³ãã¯ãïœUKIïœnote
- cf. ðäŸ¡æ Œã€ã³ãã¯ã(AMM)
ðããŒã±ããã€ã³ãã¯ãã³ã¹ã
- cf. AMM, ðã€ã³ããŒããã³ããã¹.
- ð¶å¹Žæ«ã®çŸç©ã¯ããŒãºã®æå€±ã®æããã®å³ãããŒã±ããã€ã³ãã¯ããšãã²ãã£ããã®æ¬è³ªãæããŠããã
ðããã³ãã©ã³ãã³ã°
倧å£ååŒãããå Žåã«å åãããŠä»æããæè³ææ³. front-running.
äžæ£è¡çº, ããã³ãã©ã³ãã³ã°ã¯çµ¶å¯Ÿã«å²ããçŠãæãšããŠããŒã±ããã«ãããŠã¯æ³åŸã§èŠå¶ãããŠãã(ã€ã³ãµã€ããŒååŒçãª).
ããã, DEXã¯ç¡æ³å°åž¯ã§èŠå¶ãããŠããªããšããé. ð€Sandwitch MEV.
ðã€ã³ãµã€ããŒæ å ±
äŸ¡æ Œå€åãããå¯èœæ§ã®ããå éšæ å ±.
ðããã¯ã©ã³ãã³ã°
Back-running.
倧å£ååŒãçŽå®ããåŸã«ååŒãè¡ã. ããšãã°å€§ããªååŒã«ãã£ãŠäŸ¡æ Œã«å€§ããªæªã¿ãçãããšãã«ãããæ»ãããã«ããŠðè£å®ååŒãè¡ããªã©.
ð倧壿³šæãã¬ãŒãæŠç¥
倧æµã®å Žåã¯æ©é¢æè³å®¶ã¯å·è¡æŠç¥ãã€ãã£ãŠããã®ã§ããŒã±ããã€ã³ãã¯ãã³ã¹ããäžãã. ä»®æ³é貚ã¯ããããªã. ãã®èšäºã ãš, stupid institutional invester(éæããªæ©é¢æè³å®¶)ãšè¡šçŸãããŠãã.
倧æµã®å Žåã¯, 倧壿³šæã®ðãã¹ãã©ã€ã¹, ãã£ããæ³šæ.
ðãã²ãã¬ãŒã
ðãããŒãžã£ã³ã
åžå Žã®æµåæ§ã掻çšããæŠç¥ã§, å¥åãããŒãžã£ã³ã(Penny Jump)ãšåŒã°ãã.
æ¿æ å ±ãåæããŠä»²å€ãåžå Žä»²å€ãããããæŠç¥. Pennyããªããªã®ãããããªã(ããããæã®ã€ã®ãªã¹ããªãŒã¹ããªã¢ã®æå°é貚), ãã®èšäºã ãš, micro-price increaseããã.
æè¯äŸ¡æ Œã«å€§ããªæ³šæéãæå€ã§çŸããã, èªåã®æå€ããããã1tick(ãããpenny)ã®ã¿ããããŠæå€ãããã(æ¿ã®å åŽã«ããããšããããš)ã§, 倧壿³šæã®ã€ãã§ã«èªåã®æå€ãè²·ã£ãŠããããšããæŠç¥.
ãŸãããã, HFTã®æèã§èªãããããšãããã®ã¯, 人éã§ã¯ãã®ãããªé«éãªå€§å£æ³šææåã®çŽå®ããã®æ±ºæžãã§ããªããã.
倧壿³šæãæ¿ã«çŸãããšãã¬ã³ããçãããšããä»®å®
ãã®æŠç¥ã¯, 倧壿³šæãçŸãããšããã«åŒãå¯ããããããã«äŸ¡æ Œãå€åãããšããä»®å®ããã(ãã®ä»®å®ã®æ ¹æ ã¯èª¿æ»äžâŠ). ããšãã°, 倧ããªè²·ã泚æãæ¿ã«äžŠãã ã, ããã倧ããªè²·ãã®éèŠãä¿ããã, ãã®æ³¢ã«èªåã®æ³šæãé£ã£ãŠãããããã«å€§å£æ³šæã®æåã«èªåã®æå€ãå ¥ãã.
è²·ãæ³šæãçŽå®ãããš, 倧壿³šæãæ¶åãããéã¯äŸ¡æ Œãäžæãç¶ããã®ã§, äžæãããæ±ºæžããã. äžæããªãã£ãã, 倧壿³šæããšã売ãæè¡æ³šæãåºãããšã§ããžã·ã§ã³ãè§£æ¶ãã.
ðããããã¿ã€ãã®éæå€ã«ä¹ã£ãã
ãçŸåšå€ããå°ãäžã®äŸ¡æ Œã«ãéåžžããã倧ããªå£²ãæ¿ãé·æéèŠããŠããã°ãããããã¿ã€ããæŸçœ®ãã売ãæå€ã ãšäºæž¬ããŸããäŸ¡æ Œãäžãã£ãŠããŠãããã£ããã¯ãã®æå€ã§æ¢ããããŸããããã®æ¿ãé£ããå§ãããèªåãé£ãïŒè²·ãïŒãããããã®æ¿ãçªç ŽããŠãå¢ãããäžãã£ããšããã§å©ç確å®ã§ããçæ³ã¯æåŸã®æåŸã«æ¿ãé£ãããšãããããã°ãããããã®æ¿ãçªç Žããããšãã»ãŒçŽæãããã確床ã®é«ããã¬ãŒãã«ãªããŸãããã
References
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378426617302030
- âPenny Jumpâ Commodity Futures High Frequency Trading Strategy written by C++
- All About High-Frequency Trading(2010)
- è³Œå ¥ããŠããªããã©ãã®æžç±ãç±æ¥?
ðããã·ã¥ã»ã¶ã»ãšã¬ãã¡ã³ã(Push the Elephant)
ãšãã«æµåæ§ããªããšãã®å€§å£æ³šæãçãããã®ææ³.
倧ããªããžã·ã§ã³ããã¡ãã€æµåæ§ããªããšã, 倧壿³šæè ã¯å¯èœãªéãæè¯æå€ã«æãç¶ããããšã§ãã¿ããã«ããžã·ã§ã³ãè§£æ¶ããããšããæå³ããã. ãŸãã¯botãbestäŸ¡æ Œã«å¯ŸããŠæå€ãå ¥ãç¶ãããšãã.
ãã®ãšã, ã¹ãã¬ããã«ééãããã°, èªåã®æå€ãbestããã1tickãããã. ãããšæè¯æå€ãæŽæ°ãããã®ã§ãã³ãã³ãªå€§å£ or botã¯é£ãããŠæå€ãæŽæ°ãã. ãããã¹ãã¬ããã1tickã«ãªããŸã§ãã£ãšç¹°ãè¿ãããšã§éããªãã¹ãã¬ãããå°ãããããšããã§, èªåã®èªå°æå€ããã£ã³ã»ã«ãã. ãããš, åãæ®ããã倧壿³šæãã¹ãã¬ããã®ãªã®ãªãŸã§é£ãäžããããŠå®ã¶ãããã«ãªã£ããšãããå察åŽãããã€ã¯æ³šæã§åã.
ããã¯å€§å£æ³šæãã¯ãã«ããã€ã€, èªåã®ããžã·ã§ã³ãè§£æ¶ããæ¹æ³
(ããã仿ããããŠã¯ããããæ°ããã).
ð倧壿³šææé©å·è¡æŠç¥
hidden/iceberg泚æ
æ³šææ°éã®ãã¡, æ¿ã«è¡šç€ºããæ°éãæå®ã§ããæå€ã®æ³šææ¹æ³ãã¢ã€ã¹ããŒã°æ³šæ. å®å šã«é ãæ³šææ¹æ³ãhidden orderãšãã.
ããã«ãã£ãŠ, 倧壿³šæãä»ã®ãã¬ãŒããŒã«æããã«ãããã.
TWAP泚æ
Time-Weighted Average Price.
æå®ããæéã®æéå éå¹³åäŸ¡æ Œã«è¿ãå¹³åçŽå®äŸ¡æ Œãç®æãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ã«ããååŒã§, 倧éã®æ³šæã忣ã, æå®ããæéå ã«ãããŠäžå®ã®ééã§æ³šæããŸããããã«ãã£ãŠããŒã±ãããžã®åœ±é¿ãæããããšãå¯èœ.
äœ¿ãæ¹æ¬¡ç¬¬ã§ç©ç«æè³ã«ã§ãã.
References
- ðå·è¡æŠç¥ãšååŒã³ã¹ãã«é¢ããç ç©¶ã®é²å± - æåæ
¶åœŠ[2012]â
- 倧壿³šæã®å·è¡æŠç¥ã¯3ç« .
- ðWhale Alert - ä»®æ³é貚倧å£è³éç§»åéç¥TwitterBot.
References
- bitFlyerã®é«é »åºŠããããé£ããã¯ãžã©ãžã®å¯ŸçïœHoheto (ä»®æ³é貚botter)ïœnote
- ãããã³ã€ã³ã®äŸ¡æ Œã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžããã¯ãžã©ãšã¯ïŒ - DMMãããã³ã€ã³
- æ©äŒã³ã¹ããèæ ®ããæå€æ¿æé©å·è¡æŠç¥
- ã«ã¢ã«ãªããªãã¢ã«ãŽãªãºã ååŒïŒååŒã³ã¹ããšæŠç¥å ¥éç·š - GMOã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã°ã«ãŒã ã°ã«ãŒãç ç©¶éçºæ¬éšïŒæ¬¡äžä»£ã·ã¹ãã ç 究宀ïŒ